Can all apps do fingerprinting or just browsers?

[lbnp]

Recently I found out that Google Apps was reading my actual ISP IP address instead of my VPN router's IP address. privacy.resistFingerprinting on Firefox put a stop to that but Gitlab (Cloudflare) required it to be enabled. A virtual machine allowed it to be enabled while passed the VPN IP.

Now I'm curious if it's only web browsers that use fingerprinting to get the actual IP address. I use Zoom but typically do not use it inside my virtual machine. Is fingerprinting a potential concern with Zoom and other non-browser apps?

 

[RMerlin]

Any application can access any kind of information about the computer it runs on, since applications aren`t sandboxed.

 

[cptnoblivious]

You'd probably need to run Qubes to prevent it, which provides sandboxed environments.

Maybe someone with more familiarity with Qubes can provide input.